Criminal investigations and prosecutions by the CQC
Section 10 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 – Carrying out a regulated activity without CQC registration
Allegations of providing ‘personal care’ without registration
Our specialist lawyers represented the directors of a homecare agency, who had been assisting with and supervising the provision of physical and domestic activities for vulnerable adults.
Upon applying for registration as a service provider with the CQC, our clients were invited to attend an interview under caution as the directors of the company. The CQC alleged that the agency had been providing the regulated activity of ‘personal care’ without the appropriate CQC registration. It was alleged that the agency were therefore committing a criminal offence contrary to Section 10 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008.
Following our representation at the interview under caution, and further written submissions, the CQC decided to take no further action against our clients and the homecare agency was subsequently registered as a service provider with the CQC.
Allegations of providing ‘accommodation for person who require treatment for substance misuse’ with registration
Our specialist lawyers acted for a charitable organisation providing accommodation and a therapeutic recovery programme for addicts and alcoholics. The organisation was previously registered with the CQC but their registration lapsed when they lost their primary accommodation. After obtaining new funding, they became operational again in their new premises, with the intention of re-registering with the CQC. However, due to staff changes and continued uncertainty with the CQC as to whether the company needed to be registered, there was a delay in submitting their application for registration to the CQC. The organisation were subsequently contacted by the CQC, who advised that they were investigating them for an offence of carrying on the regulated activity of ‘accommodation for persons who require treatment for substance misuse’ without registration pursuant to Section 10 of the HSCA 2008.
Our lawyers advised the organisation on the scope of CQC registration and made robust submissions to the CQC as to why it was not proportionate or in the public interest to take any criminal enforcement action against the organisation. Following our advice, the organisation restructured the service to ensure that their operations fell outside the scope of CQC registration pending a successful application to register with the CQC. After considering our submissions, the CQC also confirmed that they would be taking no further action.
Allegations of carrying out ‘surgical procedures’ without registration
Our specialist lawyers represented a doctor who was being investigated by the CQC for carrying out the regulated activity of ‘surgical procedures’ without registration contrary to Section 10 of the HSCA 2008. The doctor had been operating a private clinic from the medical centre at which he was a partner. The medical centre was registered as a service provider with the CQC.
The CQC discovered the doctor’s private clinic during a visit to the medical centre to carry out an unannounced inspection. The doctor had mistakenly believed that the clinic was covered by the medical centre’s registration. However, the CQC advised the doctor that they were carrying out a regulated activity which required individual registration. The doctor therefore submitted an application for registration in respect of that separate regulated activity immediately.
The CQC commenced a criminal investigation against the doctor and invited the doctor to an interview under caution. Following our representation at the interview and subsequent written submissions, the CQC issued the doctor with a Fixed Penalty Notice for £4,000. This avoided a criminal prosecution and the doctor therefore did not receive a criminal record. The CQC also approved the doctor’s registration in respect of this regulated activity.
Allegations of providing ‘treatment of disease, disorder or injury’ and ‘diagnostic and screening procedures’ without registration
Our specialist lawyers were instructed by a limited company who was operating a private medical practice and had been charged with two offences of carrying on the regulated activities of ‘treatment of disease, disorder or injury’ and ‘diagnostic and screening procedures’ without CQC registration pursuant to Section 10 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008. The company pleaded Guilty and our lawyers were instructed to represent the company at the sentencing hearing. In line with the sentencing guidelines, the company was at risk of receiving an unlimited fine; a term of imprisonment not exceeding 12 months; or both. At the sentencing hearing, after hearing submissions from both sides, the Magistrates’ Court imposed a fine of just £8,000 and ordered the company to pay the CQC’s prosecution costs of £4,962.55 plus a victim surcharge of £170.
Breach of Regulation 18 of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009
Allegations of failing to notify the CQC of specified incidents (DoLS authorisations)
Our specialist lawyers represented a care home provider who had received a letter from the CQC alleging that they had grounds to suspect that our client had committed the offence of failing without delay to notify the Commission of incidents specified in Regulation 18(5) of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009. It was alleged that, during a comprehensive inspection, CQC inspectors found that there were six people who were subject to a DoLS authorisation, which had not been notified to the CQC.
Our specialist lawyers submitted a detailed and robust written response to the CQC on behalf of our client, supported by the appropriate evidence and submissions in respect of the CQC’s prosecution criteria. Following the consideration of our submissions, the CQC determined that there was not a realistic prospect of conviction in this case and therefore decided to take no further action against our client.
Allegations of failing without delay to notify the CQC (allegations of abuse)
Our specialist lawyers represented an adult social care provider who had been accused of committing the offence of failing without delay to notify the Commission of an incident specified in Regulation 18(2) of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009. The CQC alleged that four incidents had occurred at the service, which gave rise to allegations of abuse and the CQC had not received a statutory notification in respect of these incidents.
Our lawyers submitted detailed representations to the CQC, querying the need for a statutory notifications in respect of some of the incidents and acknowledging the reasons why other notifications were not made. Substantial mitigation was put forward, including evidence of the safeguarding procedures in place at the service; the Registered Manager’s substantial experience and training; and the service’s positive compliance and inspection history. It was further submitted that there would be no real public interest in pursuing any further action this provider in all the circumstances.
After considering these representations, the CQC confirmed that they would not be taking any further action as they were satisfied that the provider was complying with Regulation 18(2) and it would therefore not be in the public interest to pursue a prosecution.
Allegations of failing without delay to notify the CQC of specified incidents
Our specialist lawyers represented a care home provider who had received two letters from the CQC alleging that they had grounds to suspect that our client had committed two offences. The first offence was failing without delay to notify the Commission of incidents specified in Regulation 18(5) of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009, namely that they had failed to notify the CQC of four separate incidents in which four residents sustained injuries, such as fractured hips and head wounds. The second offence was failing without delay to notify the CQC of the death of a service user under Regulation 16 of the 2009 Regulations. It was alleged that our client had failed to notify the CQC of nine service user deaths over a period of 10 months.
Our specialist lawyers submitted a written response to the CQC on behalf of our clients, admitting the offence and putting forward the appropriate mitigation, together with robust submissions on why a prosecution was not proportionate or in the public interest in this case. Following the consideration of our submissions, the CQC decided not to prosecute our clients and instead, issued our client with a Fixed Penalty Notice of £1,250 in respect of each offence.
Section 33 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008
Allegation of accommodating more than the permitted number of service users
Our specialist lawyers were instructed by a care home provider who had been accused of committing two offences, namely failing without delay to notify the CQC of incidents specified in Regulation 18(2) of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009 and failing to comply with the conditions of their CQC registration contrary to Section 33 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 by providing accommodation to six people in the care home, rather than the permitted five people. The CQC alleged that the provider had failed to notify them of five incidents or allegations of abuse relating to two service users
Our specialist CQC lawyers submitted detailed representations to the CQC on behalf of the provider, putting forward substantial mitigation including evidence of the safeguarding procedures in place at the service; the implementation of a new, robust management team; and the service’s positive compliance and inspection history. It was further submitted that there would be no real public interest in pursuing any further action against this provider in all the circumstances. After considering these representations, the CQC confirmed that they would not be taking any further action against the provider in respect of either offence.
Breach of Registered Manager Condition
Our specialist lawyers were instructed by a care home provider who was subject to a criminal investigation by the CQC for failing to comply with the conditions of their registration contrary to Section 33 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008. It was a condition of their registration that the regulated activity of ‘accommodation for persons who require nursing or personal care’ was managed by an individual who was registered with the CQC. The CQC alleged that there was no registered manager in place at the care home for a period of 10 months.
The provider acknowledged this fact and our specialist lawyers therefore made detailed representations to the CQC, putting forward appropriate mitigation and making submissions as to why it was not proportionate or in the public interest to pursue any criminal enforcement action, particularly a prosecution. Following consideration of our representations, the CQC confirmed that they would be taking no further action in respect of this matter.
Regulation 12 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 – Failure to provide safe care and treatment
Our specialist lawyers were instructed on behalf of a non-profit organisation who was being prosecuted by the CQC, as the registered provider of a care home, for an offence of failing to provide safe care and treatment resulting in a resident sustaining actual harm or being exposed to a significant risk of exposure to avoidable harm pursuant to Regulations 12(1) and 22 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014.
The CQC’s prosecution arose out of an incident at the care home involving an elderly resident, who had been found on the floor of her room and was admitted to hospital, where they were found to have suffered a hip fracture. Unfortunately, the resident sadly passed away following surgery. The injuries suffered during their fall were cited on her death certificate as a contributing factor.
The CQC alleged that a robust assessment of the resident’s needs was not undertaken prior to their admission and a plan was not implemented to monitor the resident throughout the night. The CQC stated that the risk of this resident suffering an injury was also increased by a failure to use any assistive technology.
The organisation pleaded Guilty at the first opportunity and our specialist lawyers represented them at the sentencing hearing before the Magistrates Court. In line with the sentencing guidelines, the CQC argued that based on the organisation’s turnover of £13 million, the category fine range should be £220,000 – £1,200,000, with a starting point of £450,000. Our lawyers submitted that the starting point for a fine should be £240,000, within a range of £100,000 - 600,000.
After taking into account the mitigation put forward on the organisation’s behalf, including the extensive actions taken following the incident, and providing the maximum credit for an early guilty plea of one third, the Judge imposed a fine of £200,000 and ordered the organisation to pay the CQC’ s prosecution costs of £19,305.94 costs, plus a victim surcharge of £170.
Civil enforcement action
Notice of proposal to cancel registration – residential care home
Our specialist lawyers represented a provider of residential accommodation for people with learning disabilities, who had been issued with a Notice of Proposal to cancel their registration as a service provider under section 26(4)(a) of the HSCA 2008 in respect of the regulated activity: ‘accommodation for persons who require nursing or personal care’.
The CQC alleged that it had identified a number breaches of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014 during an inspection and found that the provider had ‘failed to take reasonable steps to address those breaches’ at a subsequent focused inspection.
The provider had 28 days to make representations against the notice of proposal. Our lawyers made careful and detailed representations on the provider’s behalf, persuading the CQC to review the position of the service once the provider was able to implement the improvements outlined in their updated action plan, with the assistance of a specialist care consultant.
The CQC agreed to our proposal and inspected the service around three months later. Having noted significant improvements within the service at that inspection, the CQC agreed to withdraw their notice of proposal and the service’s registration was allowed to continue without restriction.
Notice of proposal to impose conditions – private hospital
Our specialist CQC lawyers acted for a private hospital, who had been issued with a Notice of Proposal to impose conditions on their registration following a comprehensive inspection. The CQC raised concerns in relation to the hospital’s safeguarding practices and proposed to impose conditions requiring the hospital to provide evidence of safeguarding training; competency assessments; and an updated safeguarding policy, as well as appoint a named professional for safeguarding, within a short timescale. Our lawyers made detailed representations outlining why this proposal was not necessary or proportionate and outlined the steps the hospital had taken since the inspection. After the submission of further supplementary representations and correspondence, the CQC confirmed that they would not be adopting the proposal and the Notice was therefore withdrawn.